Symposium: Tendon and ligament remodelling and regeneration

Joints: Regeneration of Bone, Cartilage, Meniscus, Ligament, and Tendon

Tendon and Ligament Injury

The most frequently injured tendons and ligaments in the horse are those on the palmar or plantar aspect of the distal limb. For this reason, this series of presentations will focus on these injuries. Diagnosis of strain-induced tendon injuries of the equine distal limb are based on history (usually a preceding period of exercise) and the development of the signs of inflammation (pain, heat, sw...

Tendon and ligament regeneration and repair: clinical relevance and developmental paradigm.

As dense connective tissues connecting bone to muscle and bone to bone, respectively, tendon and ligament (T/L) arise from the somitic mesoderm, originating in a recently discovered somitic compartment, the syndetome. Inductive signals from the adjacent sclerotome and myotome upregulate expression of Scleraxis, a key transcription factor for tenogenic and ligamentogenic differentiation. Underst...

Normal Tendon and Ligament Healing

To understand prolotherapy, a knowledge of the pathology of sprain or strain and the normal healing process is necessary. Sprains (ligaments) and strains (tendons) become chronic when healing does not result in sufficient tensile strength or tightness.14,50 This condition also is termed connective tissue insufficiency (CTI), in which the structure is either too loose or has insufficient tensile...

Novel strategies in tendon and ligament tissue engineering: Advanced biomaterials and regeneration motifs

Tendon and ligaments have poor healing capacity and when injured often require surgical intervention. Tissue replacement via autografts and allografts are non-ideal strategies that can lead to future problems. As an alternative, scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies are being pursued. In this review, we describe design considerations and major recent advancements of scaffolds for tendon/...